Cable Types
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| Cable Type | Shielding | Description | Use Case |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **UTP** | None | Twisted wires to reduce EMI and crosstalk | Most common and basic type of cable |
| **STP** | Foil wrapping or copper braid jacket | Twisted wires wrapped with shielding material | Reduces EMI and crosstalk more than UTP |
| **FTP** | Foil wrapping around each twisted pair | Each pair of wires wrapped in foil for added protection | Provides better shielding than UTP |
| **S/FTP** | Combines FTP and STP shielding | Twisted wires wrapped in foil, then wrapped in a shielding material | Provides highest level of protection against EMI and crosstalk |

Wiring
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### TIA/EIA 568A Wiring

| PIN | Color |
| --- | --- |
| 1   | White and Green |
| 2   | Green |
| 3   | White and Orange |
| 4   | Blue |
| 5   | White and Blue |
| 6   | Orange |
| 7   | White and Brown |
| 8   | Brown |

### TIA/EIA 568B Wiring

| PIN | Color |
| --- | --- |
| 1   | White and Orange |
| 2   | Orange |
| 3   | White and Green |
| 4   | Blue |
| 5   | White and Blue |
| 6   | Green |
| 7   | White and Brown |
| 8   | Brown |

Categories
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| CATEGORY | MHz | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- |
| CAT 3 UTP | 16MHz | 10Mps up to 100m |
| CAT 4 UTP | 20MHz | 16Mps up to 100m |
| CAT 5 UTP | 100MHz | 100Mbps up to 100m |
| CAT 5e UTP | 100MHz | 1000Mbps up to 100m |
| CAT 5e STP | 100MHz | 1000Mbps up to 100m |
| CAT 6 UTP | 250MHz | 10Gbps over to 33-55m |
| CAT 6a STP | 500MHz | 10Gbps over 100m |
| CAT 7 STP | 600MHz | 10Gbps over 100m |
| CAT 7a STP | 1000MHz | 10Gbps over 100m |
| CAT 8 STP | 2000MHz | 25/40Gps up to 30m |